Pneumatic tool.



PATENTED DEC. 27, 1904. R. W. PUNK.

PEEUMATIG TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 1902. RENEWED MAY 18, 1904.

k aw o \\A\\\\\ 4 49i 1! I I: iIyIII WITNESSES UNITED STATES PatentedDecember 27, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE. I

RICHARD W. FUNK, or' Ew YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HUDSON MACHINE ANDPNEUMATIC TOOL 00., or

JERSEY CITY, NEW

JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF *NEW JERSEY.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 778,310, datedDecember 27,

Application filed April 10, 1902. Renewed May 18, 1904. Serial No.208,560.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RIoHARD W. FUNK, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, county and State of New York, have invented newand useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tools, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to pneumatic tools,

, and more particularly to pneumatic rivetingtools and the like; and ithas for its object to provide a new and improved device of this classwhich will be positive and] rapid in operation, light in weight,-simplein construction, and not likely to get out of repairand whichwill begenerally superior in point of eificiency.

A further particular object of this invention consists of theprovisioniof means for conveniently controlling. the supply ofcompressed air during the operation of the tool.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of apneumatic tool embodying my invention and taken centrally of Fig. 2looking in the direction of the appended arrow. Fig. 2 is a similar viewtaken in a plane atright angles to thatof Fig. 1, the handle memberbeing shown in full lines. Fig. 3 is a detail longitudinal sectionalview of a valve constituting a particular feature of theimproved'construction.

Corresponding parts in all the'fig'ures are denoted by the samereference characters.

Referring with particularity-to the drawings, my improved pneumatictool, which in the present disclosure consists of a pneumatic handriveter or chipper," embodies a tubular with the handle member 3 andwhereby the inlet-valve 5 may be readily controlled to regulate thesupply of air to the hammer-valve and the barrel. Suitable ports andpassages are provided for the admission, circulation,

- and discharge of the compressed air in the operation of the tool tocause the reciprocation of the hammer 2 within the barrel 1, all'ofwhich will be hereinafter described.

In the preferred form of construction the barrel 1 consists of ametallic tube 7 of the proper diameter of bore, within which the hammer2 slides with a free lit, and said hammer consists of a cylindrical bodyportion 8,

drical end portion 9 and 10, respectively. The tube 7 of the barrel isprovided at its outer end with a'detachable annular cap 11, which has ascrew connection with the outer end of the tube 7, as at 12, and saidcap 11 is provided with an-interior annular shoulder 13, which limitsthe. forward movement of the hammer 2 by engagement of the outer end Toreinforce the tube 7, a steel jacket or tube 14 is shrunk onto the same,extending from the cap 11 at one end through the entire length of thetube 7 within which the hammer 2 plays and within which expansion of thecompressed air takes place. The handle member 6 has a detachable screwconnection with the inner end of the tube 7, as at 15, and aspring-projected locking-pin 16 is housed in a suitable chamber in thewall of the tube 7 and ward tubular end portion of the handle. member 6,and said locking-pin secures the handle member and pin againstseparationwhen properly connected.

The hammer-valve 4: is cylindrical and tubular in form, being open atits outer end 17 to communicate withthe' barrel 1 and closed at itsinner end 18. The hammer-valve 1 is provided with two spaced annularexterior grooves 19 and 20, respectively, which are formed atpredetermined points between the ends of the hammer.valve, and theshell21 of the hammer-valve is pierced in said groove 19 to form a port2 2, communicating with the hollow interior of the hammer-valve. Thehammer-valve 4 has a snug sliding fit Within the tube 7, at the innerend of the same, the

provided at each end with a reduced cylin-v adapted to take into achamber 16 in a for-- portion 10 of the same with the shoulder 13.

Walls of a portion of which inner end of which tube 7 are of relativelyincreased' thickness, as at 23, whereby the diameter of the hammervalveis of lesser dimension than the diameter of the major portion of thebore of the tube 7. The outer end portion of the thickened portion ofthe tube 7 is formed into an annular shoulder 23 Within the tube 7,which limits the rearward or inward movement of the hammer 2 byengagement of the inner end portion 9 of the same with said shoulder.The hammer-valve 4: in its.extreme outward or forward position projectsoutward or forward of the shoulder 23, as shown in Fig. 2, forengagement by the hammer 2, as hereinafter described. The walls of thetube7 at the extreme inner end of the same, as at 24: and 24:, are oftwo varying thicknesses, the walls at 21 being of proper thickness toproduce a bore of slightlygreater diameter than the bore of the tubewithin the portions 23 and the walls at 24: being of proper thickness toproduce a bore of a slightly-greater diameter than the bore between theportions 24 of the wall of the tube 7, and the inner end portion of thehammer-valve 1 is formed into an enlarged head 25, which fits snuglywithin the bore of the tube between the portions 2 1 of the walls of thesame, being limited in its forward movement by an annular shoulder 24between the portions 23 and 2th of the walls of the tube 7. The innerend 18 of the hammer-valve 4 being closed, as above stated, the innersurface area of said closed end within the shell 21 is of less dimensionthan the outer surface of the enlarged head 25, the purposeof whichproportioning of surface dimensions will be hereinafter explained.

Within the tube 7 and between the enlarged head 25 and the portion 26 ofthe handle member 6 which closes the inner end of the tube 7 isinterposed a coiled spring 27, which tends to force the hammer-valve 4:outwardly within the tube 7, and said coiled spring 27 bears at itsouter end upon a washer 28, which slidably fits the bore of the tube 7,between the pertions 24: of the walls of the same, said washer beinglimited in its outward movement by an annular shoulder 2r, formed in theline of junction of the portions 24: and 2 1 of the walls of the tube 7.

A main air-inlet passage 29 is formed in the lower part of the handlemember 6, and said main air-inlet passage communicates by a short branchpassage 30, also formed in the handle member, with a supplementalair-inlet passage 31, which extends longitudinally through the inner endportion of the tube 7 and communicates at its inner end with an annularair-chamber 32, which is formed at the extreme inner end portion of thetube 7 and is arranged to communicate with the branch airpassage 30 inany condition of screw connection of the handle member with the tube 7 Acylindrical valve-chamber 33 is. formed in the handle member 6substantially at right angles to the line of extension of the main inletair-passage 29, and said valve-chamber 33 communicates with saidair-passage 29, as at 34:, at one side and at the other sidecommunicates, as at 35, with a threaded nipple 35, which is formed toreceive the com pressed-air connection.

' The inlet-valve 5 consists of a cylindrical plug 36, which fitsslidably within the valvechamber 33 and is provided intermediate of itsends with an annular groove 37, which is arranged to be brought intoregistration with the points of connection, as at 3t and 35,respectively, between the air-passage 29 and the threaded nipple 35. Aby-pass -10 of small bore communicates at one end with the forward endof the valve-chamber 33, as at 4:1, and communicates at the other end,as at 12, with the interior of the nipple The controlling means 6, whichoperate with respect to the inlet-valve 5 to regulate the liow ofcompressed air to the operative parts of the hammer, embody in thepreferred form of construction two leverage devices a3 and 44,respectively, both of which are pivotally mounted, as at 15 and 46,respectively, within a suitable chamber formed in the handle memher 6,above the valve-chamber 33, the leverage device 4 1 embodying a head 17,which projects into the end of the valve-cluunber 33 opposite to thatend with which the by-pass 4O communicates, the chamber in which theleverage devices 43 and ii are mounted con municating at its base withthe valve-chamber 33 to permit free play of the head 17 within saidvalve-chamber. The leverage device 43 embodies a linger 48, arranged inposition to actuate the leverage device H, and also embodies athumb-button 19, which projects exteriorly of the handle member 6 inposition for convenient manipulation by the thumb of the user of thetool.

To provide for the proper feed, distribution, and exhaust of thecompressed air in the operation of the tool, 1 provide first two feederair-passages and 51, respectively, which branch 011 from thesupplemental air-inlet passage 31 andeommunicate with the bore of thetube 7 between the portions of the walls of the same. These two feederair-passages 50 and 51 extend radially of the tube 7 and are spaced apredetermined distance apart. At a point slightly spaced from thefeeder-passage 51 and between the same and the outer end portion of theportion 23 of the walls of the tube 7 1 form an exhaust-port 52, whichcoinmunicates with the outer air. In approximately the same diametriealplane of the tube 7 as that in which the supplemental inlet-pas sage 31and feeder-passages 50 and 51 are formed and in the opposite walls ofthe tube 7 1 form a return-feed air-passage 53, whichextendslongitudinally of the tube 7 preferably between the outer wall ofthe same and the inner wall of the jacket 1 1, through the major portionof its extension, and said return-feed air-passage 53 communicates atits outer end with the bore of the tube 7, as at 54, at a point adjacentthe outer end of said tube 7. The inner end of the air-passage 53communicates with the bore of the tube 7, between the portions 23 of thewalls of the same, by means of two feeder-passages 55 and 56,respectively, the feeder-passage 55 being arranged in opposition to thefeeder-passage and the feeder-passage 56 being arranged at apredetermined point inwardly of and spaced from the feeder-passage 55.An exhaust-port 57 is formed in the tube 7 and in the portions 23 of thewalls thereof and in the same radial plane of said tube 7 as thefeeder-passage 56. The relative arrangement and relative spacing of thefeeder-passages 50 and 51, the feederpassages and 56, the annulargrooves 19 and 20 in the hammer-valve 4, and the ports 52 and 57 in thetube 7 are such that when the feeder-passage 51 is in communication withthe annular groove 19 the feeder-passage 56 is in communication with theannular groove 20, which latter is in communication with the port 57.With the parts in this position the feeder-passages 50 and 55are closedand the port 52 is closed. Further, when the annular groove 20 is inregistration with the feederpassages 50 and '55 the annular groove 19 isin communication with the ,port 52 and. the feeder-passages 51 and'56are closed. I also provide a valve-pressure air-passage 58, whichextends longitudinally of the tube 7, communicating at its'inner end, asvat 59, with the bore of the tube 7 within the portions 24* of the wallsof said tube and rearwardly of the hammer-valve 4. The valve-pressureair-passage 58 communicates with the bore of the tube 7 at the forwardend of said passage, as at 60, at such a point that when the outerreduced end portion 10 of the hammer 2 is in engagement with theshoulder 13 the inner reduced end portion 9 of the hammer 2 will lieover said point of communication 60,be ing of such dimension as topermit the air in the tube 7 between the hammer 2 and the hammer-valve 4to escape through said valvepressure air-passage 58 and enter the tube7' at 59 at the point above described.

The operation and advantages of my improved pneumatic tool will bereadily understood by those skilled in the art to whichit appertains.The compressed air when admitted to the several operative parts embodiedWithin the hammer-barrel 1 is so automatically controlled anddistributed as to alternately and at a speed in proportion to theairpressure actuate the hammer 2 outwardly and inwardly within the tube7 in a powerful re ciprocation. The tool proper is, as shown, insertedthrough the mouth of the tubular cap 11 into a position to beoperatively engaged by the reduced forward end portion 10 of the hammer2, and the tool is sustained in operative position by the user, whosupports and guides the same by the application of one hand to thehammer-barrel ping by the other hand of the may be of any preferred formspect to the condition of the parts described.

1 and the griphan'dle 6, which with proper reseveral operative To referminutely to the operation of the inlet-valve 5fbeing in communicationwith said nipple 35 and the main air-inlet passage 29, the compressedair is free to pass to the operative parts of the tool; but a smallamount of air passes through the by-pass 40 into the forward endof thevalve-chamber 33 and forces the inlet-valve 5 inwardly in thevalve-chamber 33 to a point determined by the degree of play of theleverage devices 43 and 44, thus cutting 01f communication between thenipple35 and the main inlet airpassage 29. When the tool is in positionfor work, the operator by pressing upon the' thumb-button 49operates'the leverage devices 43 and 44 to return the inlet-valve 5 toits normal position, permitting the compressed air to pass around theannular groove 37 in the inlet -valve 5 and thence to enter the branchair-passage 30 and annular air-chamber 32, from which the air passes tothe supplemental air inlet passage 31. With the parts in the positionshown in Fig. 1, which is the position immediately prior to the out-Ward stroke or play of the hammer 2, the air passes through thefeeder-passage 51 into the annular groove 19 in the hammer-valve 4 andfrom said groove 19 through the port 22 and into the interior of theshell 21 of the harm mer-valve 4, whence it passes into the bore of thetube 7 between the hammer-valve 4 and the hammer '2 and by its expansionactuates the hammer 2 outwardly or. forwardly.

The air displaced by this movement of the hammer 2 within the tube 7passes out of said tube 7, through the return-feed air-passage 53 andthe feeder-passage 56, to the annular groove 20 in thehammer-valve'4,which groove 20 is in communication with the port 57.Through this latter port the air exhausts exteriorly of the tool. Assoon as the hammer 2 has been actuated outwardly to such a point thatthe central body portion 8 of the same has passed the point ofcommunication at 60 of the valve-pressure air-passage 58 with theinteriorof the tube-7 the compressed air behind the hammer 58 intothetube 7 at 59 behind the hammervalve 4,thus equalizing theair-pressurewithin the tube 7 both before and behind the hammer-valve 4. As theouter surface of the enlarged head 25 at the inner end of thehammer-valve 4 is of greater area than the inner surface of the innerclosed. end of the hampasses through said air-passage communication withthe exhaust-port 52 in the v tube 7. This movement of the hammer-valve4cuts off the exhaust-port 57. The compressed air now passes through thesupplemental inlet-passage 31, through the feeder-passage 50, throughthe annular groove 20, through the feeder-passage 55, through theair-passage 53, and into the tube 7 at 54 in front of the hammer 2,which is thus impelled inwardly in the hammer-barrel. The air displacedby the inward or return movement of the hammer 2 passes into the hollowhammer-valve 4 through the port 22 and thence through the exhaust-port52 into the outer air. The h ammer 2 in its return-play by impact forcesthe hammer-valve 4 rearwardly out of the position last described,cutting the feeder-passages and 55 out of communication with the annulargroove 20 and terminating the air-pressure within the tube 7 in front ofthe hammer 2. To bring the hammer-valve 4 accurately into the positionshown in Fig. 1, in which the compressed air may again be properlydistributed for the succeeding outward movement of the hammer 2, thecoiled spring 27 comes into play, moving the hammer-valve 4 outwardly inits snug fit to an extent limited by the engagement of the washer 28with the annular shoulder 24". The hammer-valve 4 thus alternately movesinwardly and outwardly from the position shown in Fig. l to the positionshown in Fig. 2, and vice versa, alternately permitting the introductionof compressed air behind and before the hammer 2 and alternatelypermitting exhaust of the expanded air through the exhaust-ports 57 and52. The outward movement of the hammer-valve 4 is limited by theengagement of the enlarged head 25 with the annular shoulder 24 Thesupply of air to the tool is at all times under control of the userthrough the medium of the inlet-valve-controlling means 6.

The entire tool is. comparatively simple in construction and has nodelicate parts to get out of order. The weight of the entire tool isalso comparatively small, enabling continuous use of the same withoutcausing material .fatigue to the operator.

I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to the particularconstruction, relative arrangement, and association of parts as hereinset forth, but reserve the right to vary the same in adapting myimprovements to varying conditions of use without departing from thespirit of my invention or the terms of the following claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent 1. An improved tool of the class described, comprising abarrel, a hammer slid ably mounted therein, a spring-cushioned tubularvalve slidably mounted in said barrel inwardly of said hammer,exhaust-ports in said barrel alternately opened and closed by saidvalve, air-passages controlled by said valve and whereby air isalternately introduced in front of and behind said hammer, and meanscontrolled by said hammer for intermittently introducing air behind saidvalve; said valve being open at its outer end and provided with a closedinner end the outer surface area of which is larger than the innersurface area of the same.

2. An improved tool of the class described, comprising a barrel, ahammer slid ably mounted therein, a spring-cushioned tubular valveslidably mounted in said barrel and provided with an open outer end anda closed inner end the inner surface area of which closed inner end issmaller than the outer surface area of said closed inner end, means forlimiting the outward movement of said valve, exhaustports in said barrelalternately opened and closed by said valve, air-passages whereby air isalternately introduced in front of and behind said hammer and controlledby said valve, and means for intermittently introducing air behind saidvalve.

3. In an improved tool of the class described, a barrel, a hammerslidably mounted in said barrel, exhaust-ports in said barrel, anair-inlet passage in said barrel provided with two feeder-passagescommunicating with said barrel inwardly of said hammer, a returnfeedair-passage in said barrel provided with two feeder-passagescommunicating with said barrel inwardly of said hammer and communicatingwith said barrel forwardly of said hammer, a tubular reciprocating valvein said barrel, said tubular valve being provided with a port arrangedfor communication with one of said exhaust-ports and being provided withtwo annular grooves arranged for predetermined communication with theother of said exhaust-ports and with said feeder-passages.

4. The combination, with a casing provided with supply channels andports, of a handle at one end of the same, a tool guided in the oppositeend of the casing, a piston- *alvc located at the interior of thecasing, said pistonvalve being hollow and provided with circumferentialgrooves and an opening in one of said grooves, a return-channelconnecting the rear end of the casing with the front end of the same, asliding hammer in the casing, a cushioningspring located between thepistonvalve and handle, a channel connecting the interior of the casingwith the space behind the valve, and shoulders at the rear end of thecasing for arresting the spring and the piston valve in their forwardmotion, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a casin g, of a banchannel in the casingprovided with'ports at the rear portion of the casing, ahollowpistonvalve in the rear portion of the casing between the ports of thesupply and return channels and provided with two annular grooves and anopenlng 1n onevof sald grooves to the interior of'the valve, shouldersat the rear portion of the casing,

I a spring between the rear shoulder. and the handle, a rim on thepiston-valve adapted to abut against the other shoulder, the area of therear end of said valve being slightly larger than that of its front end,a sliding hammer in the casing, a channel connecting the interior of thecasing with the space behind the piston-valve, and exhaust-portscommunicating with the interior of the casing, substantially as setforth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

RICHARD W. FUNK.

Witnesses:

RAYMOND I. BLAKESLEE, N. MURRIN.

